{"id":726,"date":"2026-03-23T21:54:48","date_gmt":"2026-03-23T18:54:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fljournal.rsu-rzn.ru\/?page_id=726"},"modified":"2026-06-17T11:05:48","modified_gmt":"2026-06-17T08:05:48","slug":"726-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/fljournal.rsu-rzn.ru\/en\/726-2\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1>Illocutionary functions of the Italian verbs dire and parlare in poetic discourse and colloquial speech: a corpus-based analysis<\/h1>\n<div class=\"meta\"><strong>Pages:<\/strong> 48-60 \u00a0|<br \/>\n<strong>DOI:<\/strong> 10.37724\/RSU.2026.76.1.006 \u00a0|<br \/>\n<strong>EDN:<\/strong> PPTVXN \u00a0|<br \/>\n<strong>UDK:<\/strong> 811.131.1<\/div>\n<div class=\"authors\">\n<p><strong>Sokolova O.V.<\/strong><br \/>\nInstitute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"abstract\">\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong>This study examines the illocutionary functions of the Italian speech act verbs dire (dico\/diciamo) and parlare (parlo\/parliamo) in two types of discourse: poetry and everyday conversation. The analysis focuses on the pragmatic behaviour of these verbs, considering them beyond their basic pragmatic functions, and on how poetic discourse expands their functional potential. The research employs a comparative, corpus-based, and discourse-oriented approach, applying it to a custom-built corpus of contemporary poetry, which is supplemented by data from the conversational corpus KiParla. The findings reveal that dire exhibits a high level of multifunctionality. In addition to its representative use, the verb is employed in declarative, inquisitive, directive and commissive acts, performing several supplementary illocutionary roles. These include autocommunicative and metalinguistic functions, violation of the sincerity condition and the illocutionary act of silence. The functional range of parlare is more limited, primarily involving representative and, to a lesser extent, declarative acts. However, it reveals a notable sensitivity to the parameterisation of communicative roles. Overall, the results suggest that poetic discourse reshapes patterns of everyday speech and amplifies the pragmatic capacities of illocutionary verbs, revealing their latent performative potential and broadening the scope of their functions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"keywords\"><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> pragmatics, pragmatic units, performatives, speech acts, verbs of speaking, illocutionary functions, discourse analysis, colloquial speech, contemporary poetry, Italian<\/div>\n<div class=\"funding\"><strong>Funding:<\/strong><br \/>\nnone<\/div>\n<div class=\"references-block\">\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"ref-list\">\n<li>1. \u0410\u043b\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0422. \u0411. \u041e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430. \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u2014 \u041c., 1971. \u2014 292 c.<\/li>\n<li>2. \u0411\u0435\u043d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u042d. \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \/ \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0435\u0434. \u042e. \u0421. \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430. \u2014 \u041c. : \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441, 1974. \u2014 444 \u0441.<\/li>\n<li>3. \u0413\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0445\u043e \u0420. \u0410. \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0445 (\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442) \/\/ \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438. \u2014 \u041c., 2019. \u2014 \u0412\u044b\u043f. 7. \u2014 \u0421. 135\u2013160.<\/li>\n<li>4. \u0415\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0418. \u0410. \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 \/\/ \u0412\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430. \u042f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430. \u2014 2017. \u2014 \u0422. 14, \u0432\u044b\u043f. 3. \u2014 \u0421. 362\u2013375.<\/li>\n<li>5. \u0416\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u041b. \u0418. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c dire \u0432 \u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 XVI \u0432. \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 \/\/ \u0412\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0427\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430. \u2014 2018. \u2014 \u0422. 114, \u2116 10. \u2014 \u0421. 110\u2013120.<\/li>\n<li>6. \u0417\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044f\u043a \u0410. \u0410. \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0435. \u2014 \u041c. : \u042f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d. \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b, 2013. \u2014 635 \u0441.<\/li>\n<li>7. \u041b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0415. \u0413. \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441 \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e- \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0435 (\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u043c\u044b) : \u0434\u0438\u0441. \u2026 \u0434-\u0440\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043b. \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a : 10.02.19. \u2014 \u041c., 2021. \u2014 445 \u0441.<\/li>\n<li>8. \u041f\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0415. \u0412. \u0412\u044b\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e. \u2014 \u041c. : \u042f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b, 1985. \u2014 293 \u0441.<\/li>\n<li>9. \u0421\u0451\u0440\u043b\u044c \u0414\u0436. \u041a\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u044b \/ \u043f\u0435\u0440. \u041d. \u0412. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0446\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \/\/ \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435. \u0422\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u2014 1986. \u2014 \u0412\u044b\u043f. XVII. \u2014 \u0421. 195\u2013222.<\/li>\n<li>10. \u0421\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u041e. \u0412., \u0417\u0430\u0445\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438\u0432 \u0415. \u0412. \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430: \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441 \u0432 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0430. \u2014 \u041c. : \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0442. \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, 2025. \u2014 328 \u0441.<\/li>\n<li>11. \u0421\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u041e. \u0412., \u0424\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e \u0412. \u0412. \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0437\u0438\u0438: \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043d\u043e-\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \/\/ Russian Journal of Linguistics. \u2014 2024. \u2014 \u0422. 28, \u2116 3. \u2014 \u0421. 706\u2013733.<\/li>\n<li>12. \u0428\u043c\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432 \u0414. \u041d. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043a\u0438 (\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430). \u2014 \u041c. : \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430, 1973. \u2014 278 \u0441.<\/li>\n<li>13. \u042f\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043d \u0420. \u041e. \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \/\/ \u0421\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043c: \u00ab\u0437\u0430\u00bb \u0438 \u00ab\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u00bb. \u2014 \u041c. : \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441, 1975. \u2014 \u0421. 193\u2013231.<\/li>\n<li>14. Capone A. A pragmatic view of the poetic function of language \/\/ Semiotica. \u2014 2023. \u2014 \u2116 250. \u2014 \u0421. 1\u201325.<\/li>\n<li>15. Corpus KIParla. L&#8217;italiano parlato e chi parla italiano. \u2014 URL : https:\/\/kiparla.it\/ (\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: 08.07.2025).<\/li>\n<li>16. De Mauro T. Intelligenti pauca \/\/ Miscellanea di studi linguistici in onore di Walter Belardi \/ a cura di P. Cipriano, P. Di Giovine, M. Mancini. \u2014 Roma: Il Calamo, 1994. \u2014 Vol. 2. \u2014 Pp. 865\u2013875.<\/li>\n<li>17. Fairclough N. Conversationalization of public discourse and the authority of the consumer \/\/ The Authority of the Consumer \/ ed. by N. Fairclough. \u2014 L. : Routledge, 2003. \u2014 Pp. 235\u2013249.<\/li>\n<li>18. Fraser B. An Analysis of Vernacular Performative Verbs \/\/ Towards tomorrow\u2019s linguistics \/ Eds. R. W. Shuy, N. B. Charles-James. \u2014 Washington D. C. : Georgetown Univ. Press, 1974. \u2014 Pp. 139\u2013158.<\/li>\n<li>19. Khachaturyan E. Una classificazione dei segnali discorsivi in italiano \/\/ Oslo Studies in Language. \u2014 2011. \u2014 Iss. 3 (1) : Discourse markers in Romance languages. \u2014 Pp. 95\u2013116.<\/li>\n<li>20. Lehrer A. Checklist for verbs of speaking \/\/ Acta Linguistica Hungarica. \u2014 1988. \u2014 Vol. 38, \u2116 1\/4. \u2014 Pp. 143\u2013161.<\/li>\n<li>21. Sokolova O. Metatextual discourse markers as pragmatic units: a corpus-based analysis of poetic discourse and colloquial speech \/\/ Russian Journal of Linguistics. \u2014 2025. \u2014 \u2116 4. \u2014 Pp. 769\u2013794.<\/li>\n<li>22. Waltereit R. The rise of discourse markers in Italian: a specific type of language change \/\/ Approaches to discourse particles \/ ed. by K. Fischer. \u2014 Amsterdam : Elsevier, 2006. \u2014 Pp. 61\u201376.<\/li>\n<li>23. Wierzbicka A. English Speech Act Verbs: A semantic dictionary. \u2014 Sydney : Academic Press, 1987. \u2014 487 p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<hr class=\"files-divider\" \/>\n<div class=\"files\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fljournal.rsu-rzn.ru\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/06-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%98%D0%AF%D0%92%D0%A8-%E2%84%96-176.pdf\" download=\"\">Download PDF<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/disk.yandex.ru\/d\/hKVG9gju829now\" download=\"\">Download XML<\/a><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Illocutionary functions of the Italian verbs dire and parlare in poetic discourse and colloquial speech: a corpus-based analysis Pages: 48-60 \u00a0| DOI: 10.37724\/RSU.2026.76.1.006 \u00a0| EDN: PPTVXN \u00a0| UDK: 811.131.1 Sokolova O.V. Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences AbstractThis study examines the illocutionary functions of the Italian speech act verbs dire (dico\/diciamo) [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fljournal.rsu-rzn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/726"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fljournal.rsu-rzn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fljournal.rsu-rzn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fljournal.rsu-rzn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fljournal.rsu-rzn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=726"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/fljournal.rsu-rzn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/726\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":854,"href":"https:\/\/fljournal.rsu-rzn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/726\/revisions\/854"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fljournal.rsu-rzn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=726"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}