{"id":732,"date":"2026-03-23T21:56:55","date_gmt":"2026-03-23T18:56:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fljournal.rsu-rzn.ru\/?page_id=732"},"modified":"2026-06-17T11:06:09","modified_gmt":"2026-06-17T08:06:09","slug":"732-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/fljournal.rsu-rzn.ru\/en\/732-2\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1>The relationship between parts of speech and sentence elements in Chinese as a linguodidactic problem<\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"meta\"><strong>Pages:<\/strong> 61-73 \u00a0|<br \/>\n<strong>DOI:<\/strong> 10.37724\/RSU.2025.76.1.007 \u00a0|<br \/>\n<strong>EDN:<\/strong> EFUTMQ \u00a0|<br \/>\n<strong>UDK:<\/strong> 81&#8217;36+811.581.11<\/div>\n<div class=\"authors\">\n<p><strong>Gerasimenko N.I.<\/strong><br \/>\nRyazan State University named for S. Yesenin<\/p>\n<p><strong>Zaprudnova A.A.<\/strong><br \/>\nRyazan State University named for S. Yesenin; Shanghai International Studies University<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"abstract\">\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong>The article addresses one of the pressing methodological issues in teaching Chinese to Russian-speaking students \u2014 the relationship between the grammatical categories of parts of speech and members of the sentence. The aim of the study is to systematize and comparatively analyze existing approaches to defining these categories in Russian and Chinese, followed by the development of a generalized correlation chart designed to prevent typical grammatical errors among Russian-speaking learners. Based on the analysis of existing research \u2014 including both classical works (Ma Jianzhong, Chao Yuanren) and contemporary studies by Russian (L. G. Abdrakhimov, A. N. Gordey, E. N. Emelchenkova, T. V. Ivchenko) and Chinese (Mao Yue, Liu Yuehua, Lu Qinghe) linguists \u2014 the authors prove that the issue of parts of speech remains contentious in Chinese linguistics, while approaches to sentence segmentation vary from traditional to structural (\u201ctopic-comment\u201d) and semantic-syntactic (\u201ctaigen-yogen\u201d). The theoretical novelty of the study lies in the development of a comparative model that clearly distinguishes morphological (parts of speech) and syntactic (sentence constituents) categories, despite their close interrelation in Chinese. The research employs comparative analysis, descriptive methodology, and error analysis based on written assignments by students. An examination of widely used teaching materials reveals a systemic problem of conflating morphological, syntactic, and semantic terminology, which hinders the development of clear grammatical competence among CSL learners. The results are presented in the form of clear and concise classifications for both Russian and Chinese, formatted as comparative tables. These tables can be effectively used to enhance teaching efficiency and reduce the incidence of grammatical errors among both Russian-speaking learners of Chinese and Chinese-speaking learners of Russian.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"keywords\"><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Chinese language, teaching methodology, parts of speech, sentence elements, syntactic analysis, grammatical errors<\/div>\n<div class=\"funding\"><strong>Funding:<\/strong><br \/>\nnone<\/div>\n<div class=\"references-block\">\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"ref-list\">\n<li>1. \u0410\u0431\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u041b. \u0413., \u0420\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0441 \u041b. \u0410., \u0422\u043a\u0430\u0447\u0443\u043a \u0412. \u0412. \u0422\u043e\u043f\u0438\u043a \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435. \u0423\u0447\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f \u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e-\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438 : \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442. \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431. \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0447. \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435. \u2014 \u041c. : \u041e\u041e\u041e \u00ab\u0418\u0437\u0434-\u0432\u043e \u0412\u041a\u041d\u00bb, 2018. \u2014 336 \u0441.<\/li>\n<li>2. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u044d\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u044f. \u2014 2004\u20132017. \u2014 URL : https:\/\/old.bigenc.ru\/linguistics\/text\/4687620(\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: 08.08.2025).<\/li>\n<li>3. \u0413\u0430\u043e \u041c\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0430\u0439. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 \/\/ \u0412\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u2014 1955. \u2014 \u2116 3. \u2014 \u0421. 48\u201357.<\/li>\n<li>4. \u0413\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0410. \u041d. \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \/\/ \u0418\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435. \u2014 2018. \u2014 \u2116 4 (47). \u2014 \u0421. 7\u201322.<\/li>\n<li>5. \u0415\u043c\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0415. \u041d. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 (\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430) \/\/ \u0421\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0432 XXI \u0432. : \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440. \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447. \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444. \u2014 \u0423\u043b\u0430\u043d-\u0423\u0434\u044d : \u0411\u0443\u0440\u044f\u0442. \u0433\u043e\u0441. \u0443\u043d-\u0442, 2022. \u2014 \u0422. 2. \u2014 \u0421. 163\u2013171.<\/li>\n<li>6. \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0410. \u0410. \u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u0443 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0415\u0413\u042d \u043f\u043e \u043a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0443 \/\/ \u0418\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435. \u2014 2023. \u2014 \u2116 1. \u2014 \u0421. 16\u201328.<\/li>\n<li>7. \u0418\u0432\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e \u0422. \u0412. \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f \u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435: \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \/\/ \u0418\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435. \u2014 2025. \u2014 \u2116 2 (73). \u2014 \u0421. 66\u201381.<\/li>\n<li>8. \u041a\u0430\u043c\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0410. \u041c., \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u041d. \u0410. \u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u2014 \u041c. : \u0424\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430 : \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430, 2000. \u2014 448 \u0441.<\/li>\n<li>9. \u041a\u0443\u0440\u0434\u044e\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0412. \u0410. \u041a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \/\/ IV \u0413\u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0422\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043e\u043a\u0435\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0434\u0438\u0441\u0446\u0438\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f : \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440. \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447. \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444. \/ \u043e\u0442\u0432. \u0440\u0435\u0434. \u0415. \u0424. \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430. \u2014 \u0418\u0440\u043a\u0443\u0442\u0441\u043a : \u0418\u0440\u043a\u0443\u0442. \u0433\u043e\u0441. \u0443\u043d-\u0442, 2020. \u2014 \u0421. 127\u2013134.<\/li>\n<li>10. \u041f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0431\u043d\u044f \u0410. \u0410. \u0418\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 : \u0432 2 \u0442. \u2014 \u041c. : \u0423\u0447\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0433\u0438\u0437, 1958.<\/li>\n<li>11. \u0420\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0410. \u0410. \u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u2014 \u041c. : \u0410\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441, 2002. \u2014 536 \u0441.<\/li>\n<li>12. \u0421\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0446\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0410. \u0418. \u0421\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430. \u2014 \u041c. : \u0418\u0437\u0434-\u0432\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0442. \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440. \u044f\u0437., 1957. \u2014 320 \u0441.<\/li>\n<li>13. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d \u0421. \u0410. \u0422\u0440\u0443\u0434\u044b \u043f\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e. \u2014 \u041c. : \u042f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d. \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440, 2004. \u2014 924 \u0441.<\/li>\n<li>14. \u0422\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0410. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438: \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441, \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u044f (\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430). \u2014 \u041c. : \u042f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d. \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b, 2002. \u2014 896 \u0441.<\/li>\n<li>15. \u0422\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0435\u0440 \u041b. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0430. \u2014 \u041c. : \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441, 1988. \u2014 656 \u0441.<\/li>\n<li>16. \u0428\u0430\u0445\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0410. \u0410. \u0418\u0437 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0443 (\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438). \u2014 \u041c. : \u0423\u0447\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0433\u0438\u0437, 1952. \u2014 273 \u0441.<\/li>\n<li>17. \u0429\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430 \u041b. \u0412. \u041e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 \/\/ \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0447\u044c. \u041d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f. \u2014 1928. \u2014 \u0412\u044b\u043f. II. \u2014 \u0421. 5\u201327.<\/li>\n<li>18. Brown G. The grammar of English grammars with the introduction historical and critical. \u2014 10thed. \u2014 NY : William Wood &amp; Co., 1869. \u2014 1100 p.<\/li>\n<li>19. Chao Y. R. A Grammar of spoken Chinese. \u2014 Berkeley : Univ. of California Press, 1968. \u2014 XXXI, 848 p.<\/li>\n<li>20. HSK\u6807\u51c6\u6559\u7a0b\u2005\u2005\/\u2005\u2005\u59dc\u4e3d\u840d\u3002\u2014\u2005\u2005\u5317\u4eac:\u2005\u2005\u5317\u4eac\u8bed\u8a00\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2013\u3002\u2014\u2005\u2005129\u9875\u3002[\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441 HSK \/ \u0426\u0437\u044f\u043d \u041b\u0438\u043f\u0438\u043d (\u0433\u043b. \u0440\u0435\u0434.). \u2014 \u041f\u0435\u043a\u0438\u043d : \u0418\u0437\u0434-\u0432\u043e \u041f\u0435\u043a\u0438\u043d. \u0443\u043d-\u0442\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b, 2013. \u2014 129 \u0441.]<\/li>\n<li>21. \u53d1\u5c55\u6c49\u8bed\u3002\u521d\u7ea7\u7efc\u5408\u2005\u2005\/\u2005\u2005\u8363\u7ee7\u534e\u3002\u2014\u2005\u2005\u5317\u4eac:\u2005\u2005\u5317\u4eac\u8bed\u8a00\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2011\u3002\u2014\u2005\u2005350\u9875\u3002[\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439. \u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f \/ \u0440\u0435\u0434. \u0416\u0443\u043d \u0426\u0437\u0438\u0445\u0443\u0430. \u2014 \u041f\u0435\u043a\u0438\u043d : \u0418\u0437\u0434-\u0432\u043e \u041f\u0435\u043a\u0438\u043d. \u0443\u043d-\u0442\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b, 2011. \u2014 \u0422. 1. \u2014 350 \u0441.]<\/li>\n<li>22. \u56fd\u9645\u6c49\u8bed\u6559\u5e08\u8bed\u6cd5\u5b66\u624b\u518c\u2005\u2005\/\u2005\u2005\u6768\u7389\u73b2\u3002\u2014\u2005\u2005\u5317\u4eac:\u2005\u2005\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2011\u3002\u2014\u2005\u2005475\u9875\u3002[\u0421\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043f\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \/ \u042f\u043d \u042e\u0439\u043b\u0438\u043d. \u2014 \u041f\u0435\u043a\u0438\u043d : \u0418\u0437\u0434-\u0432\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448. \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, 2011. \u2014 475 \u0441.]<\/li>\n<li>23. \u6c49\u8bed\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8bed\u8a00\u6559\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u6c49\u8bed\u8981\u7d20\u6559\u5b66\u2005\u2005\/\u2005\u2005\u6bdb\u60a6\u3002\u2014\u2005\u2005\u5317\u4eac:\u2005\u2005\u5916\u8bed\u6559\u5b66\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2014\u3002\u2014\u2005\u2005328\u9875\u3002 [\u041f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e: \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \/ \u041c\u0430\u043e \u042e\u044d (\u0433\u043b. \u0440\u0435\u0434.). \u2014 \u041f\u0435\u043a\u0438\u043d : \u0418\u0437\u0434-\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440. \u044f\u0437. \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c, 2014. \u2014 328 \u0441.]<\/li>\n<li>24. \u9646\u5e86\u548c\u3002\u5b9e\u7528\u5bf9\u5916\u6c49\u8bed\u6559\u5b66\u8bed\u6cd5\u3002\u2014\u2005\u2005\u5317\u4eac:\u2005\u2005\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2006\u3002\u2014\u2005\u2005501\u9875\u3002[\u041b\u0443 \u0426\u0438\u043d\u0445\u044d. \u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e. \u2014 \u041f\u0435\u043a\u0438\u043d : \u0418\u0437\u0434-\u0432\u043e \u041f\u0435\u043a\u0438\u043d. \u0443\u043d-\u0442\u0430, 2006. \u2014 501 \u0441.]<\/li>\n<li>25. \u5b9e\u7528\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c49\u8bed\u8bed\u6cd5\u2005\u2005\/\u2005\u2005\u5218\u6708\u534e\u7b49\u8457\u3002\u2014\u2005\u2005\u589e\u8ba2\u672c\u3002\u2014\u2005\u2005\u5317\u4eac:\u2005\u2005\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u9986\uff0c2001\u3002\u2014\u2005\u20051005\u9875\u3002 [\u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \/ \u041b\u044e \u042e\u044d\u0445\u0443\u0430 [\u0438 \u0434\u0440.]. \u2014 \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440. \u0438\u0437\u0434. \u2014 \u041f\u0435\u043a\u0438\u043d : \u041a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a. \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430, 2001. \u2014 1005 \u0441.]<\/li>\n<li>26. \u65b0\u6982\u5ff5\u6c49\u8bed\u8bfe\u672c\u2005\u2005\/\u2005\u2005\u5d14\u6c38\u534e\u3002\u2014\u2005\u2005\u5317\u4eac:\u2005\u2005\u5317\u4eac\u8bed\u8a00\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2012\u3002\u2014\u2005\u200596\u9875\u3002[\u0423\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u00ab\u041d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044f\u00bb \/ \u0426\u0443\u0439 \u042e\u043d\u0445\u0443\u0430 (\u0433\u043b. \u0440\u0435\u0434.). \u2014 \u041f\u0435\u043a\u0438\u043d : \u0418\u0437\u0434-\u0432\u043e \u041f\u0435\u043a\u0438\u043d. \u0443\u043d-\u0442\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b, 2012. \u2014 \u041a\u043d. 1. \u2014 96 \u0441.]<\/li>\n<li>27. \u65b0\u5b9e\u7528\u6c49\u8bed\u8bfe\u672c\u2005\u2005\/\u2005\u2005\u5218\u73e3\u3002\u2014\u2005\u2005\u5317\u4eac:\u2005\u2005\u5317\u4eac\u8bed\u8a00\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2006\u3002\u2014\u2005\u2005\u7b2c2\u518c:\u2005\u2005\u4fc4\u6587\u6ce8\u89e3\u672c\u3002\u2014\u2005\u2005296\u9875\u3002 [\u041d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441 \u043a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \/ \u041b\u044e \u0421\u044e\u043d\u044c (\u0433\u043b. \u0440\u0435\u0434.). \u2014 \u041f\u0435\u043a\u0438\u043d : \u0418\u0437\u0434-\u0432\u043e \u041f\u0435\u043a\u0438\u043d. \u0443\u043d-\u0442\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b, 2006. \u2014 \u0422. 2 : \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f. \u2014 296 \u0441.]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<hr class=\"files-divider\" \/>\n<div class=\"files\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fljournal.rsu-rzn.ru\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/07-%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%98%D0%AF%D0%92%D0%A8-%E2%84%96-176.pdf\" download=\"\">Download PDF<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/disk.yandex.ru\/d\/n3FaDjevmkmmNQ\" download=\"\">Download XML<\/a><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; The relationship between parts of speech and sentence elements in Chinese as a linguodidactic problem &nbsp; Pages: 61-73 \u00a0| DOI: 10.37724\/RSU.2025.76.1.007 \u00a0| EDN: EFUTMQ \u00a0| UDK: 81&#8217;36+811.581.11 Gerasimenko N.I. Ryazan State University named for S. Yesenin Zaprudnova A.A. Ryazan State University named for S. Yesenin; Shanghai International Studies University AbstractThe article addresses one of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fljournal.rsu-rzn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/732"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fljournal.rsu-rzn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fljournal.rsu-rzn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fljournal.rsu-rzn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fljournal.rsu-rzn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=732"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/fljournal.rsu-rzn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/732\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":856,"href":"https:\/\/fljournal.rsu-rzn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/732\/revisions\/856"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fljournal.rsu-rzn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=732"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}